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Navigating the underwater world

Whales, dolphins and porpoises use sound to forage, communicate and navigate the world’s oceans. Marine scientist Sarah Dickson explains how the changing ocean soundscape is impacting them

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The underwater world is a largely dark place. Hearing is the primary sense for many marine organisms, particularly cetaceans. This is likely because as light waves transition from air to water, they slow and scatter. Sound waves, on the other hand, speed up and travel four times faster underwater than they would in air.

Cetaceans are mammals that live in aquatic environments, and include whales, dolphins and porpoises. They can be divided into two distinct groups: odontocetes (toothed cetaceans) and mysticetes (baleen cetaceans), which have keratin plates known as baleen for filtering food.

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Avian flu

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Osmosis and fish

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