In World Bank definitions, Country R is a lower middle-income country, with GNI per capita of US$3,080 in 2007. According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Country R shows medium human development, with a human development index of 0.772 in 2005. More recent data suggest that Country R is nudging into the high human development category.
Historically, Country R was primarily an agricultural society, but the economy was transformed after the 1960s, with industrial growth and the discovery of oil. This led to improvements in income levels and in human capital, with progress in health, education and housing. The steady progress in human development can be seen in Figure 1, where Country R is set in the context of other countries from around the world.
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