The third year of the English Civil War — 1644 — had brought mixed fortunes for the Parliamentary side. A significant victory over Prince Rupert of the Rhine, with help from the Earl of Leven’s Scottish army, at Marston Moor on 2 July 1644 had enabled the Parliamentary forces to capture large parts of the north of England, including the city of York. Another consequence of this victory was that it established Oliver Cromwell’s reputation as a cavalry commander. His well-disciplined troops and his leadership on the battlefield had made a major contribution to the success of the Parliamentary forces.
Edexcel Warfare and British society, c.1250–present
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