In July 2015, Nikki Haley, the governor of South Carolina, signed a bill to remove the Confederate battle flag from the state’s Capitol grounds. Her action was a response to the murder of nine African Americans at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston in June 2015. The killer, Dylann Roof, had previously posed for photos with symbols commonly associated with white supremacy. These included the flags of Rhodesia and apartheid-era South Africa, and the Confederate battle flag.
Both the murders and Haley’s response re-ignited a national debate over the complex legacies of slavery, the American Civil War and reconstruction, as well as the place of Confederate monuments in modern-day America.
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