In addition to drive theory, the inverted U hypothesis and catastrophe theory, OCR A2 candidates are required to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of three further arousal theories. These are cue utilisation, individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) and peak flow experience.
Cue utilisation has clear links with arousal, as it is based on the predictions made by the inverted U hypothesis (Easterbrook 1959). However, unlike inverted U, cue utilisation includes a cognitive element and claims that perception will be modified as arousal changes according to a curvilinear prediction. Since perception is an integral part of information processing, this impacts significantly on sport performance.
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