Warm-ups and cool-downs are vital components of sport and exercise. As time goes by, performers are getting faster, stronger and better. This is supported by the constant improvements in world records and performance levels. Developments in warming-up and cooling-down procedures are partly responsible for this. Other factors include advances in training, supplements, clothing and footwear, psychological support, and technological developments.
Warming up prior to exercise considered essential for optimal performance (Bishop 2003). Over the last few decades, the warm-up has been transformed. Gone are the days where footballers were sent out 20 minutes before kick-off to warm up. Nowadays, they are out an hour before kick-off with the fitness coach, going through a specific, planned warm-up routine that aims to get the players ready to perform at optimal levels and to reduce the chance of injuries.
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