The terms in bold link to topics in the AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC and CCEA A-level specifications, as well as the IB, Pre-U and SQA exam specifications.
Ionising radiation is emitted by radioactive isotopes, while cosmic radiation causes some elements to become radioactive. Radioactive elements have different half-lives, which determine their abundances and activities. Radiation doses depend on the activity and type of radiation involved.
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