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An outsider’s view

The Stanford Prison experiment

An outsider’s view

The Stanford Prison experiment was a dramatic simulation of prison life conducted in the summer of 1971 at Stanford University by psychologists Craig Haney, Curtis Banks and Philip Zimbardo. The planned 2-week investigation had to be ended prematurely after only 6 days because of what the situation was doing to the participating college students. In only a few days, the guards became sadistic and the prisoners became depressed, showing signs of extreme stress. Christina Maslach discusses her role in this iconic study.

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The August of 1971 turned out to be an amazingly pivotal point in my life — much more than I realised at the time. I had just completed my doctorate at Stanford University and was preparing to start my new job as an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. In my personal life, I was romantically involved with Philip Zimbardo and we were considering marriage. Although I had heard about plans for a prison simulation study, I did not pay much attention. Ordinarily I might have been more interested, but I was in the process of moving and my focus was on preparing for my first job. However, when Philip asked me, as a favour, to conduct some interviews with the study participants (i.e. the ‘prisoners’ and the ‘guards’), I agreed to help.

The interviews were to be done on Friday, nearly a week after the start of the study, to assess the subjective impact of participation on both the guards and the prisoners. I went to the Stanford campus on the Thursday night to visit the ‘prison’ and to get some sense of what was going on.

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Psychology review

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An outsider’s view

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