Classical conditioning means ‘Learning by association’ — anew stimulus is associated with a previous stimulus so that they both now produce the same response.
In the nineteenth century, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered the phenomenon of conditioning accidentally while collecting dogs’ saliva. He noticed that dogs salivated in response to their food but also in response to events that took place around the same time, for example the sound of the bowls clanking or the sight of people who fed them.
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