The idea of levels of measurement or ‘levels of data’ goes back to the 1940s. It was originally proposed as a theory, but the idea has now become so central to psychological research that we generally treat it as fact. Levels of measurement apply to quantitative data, so we are talking about different ways to use numbers.
Stanley Stevens (1946) proposed the idea that when we assign scores to participants we do so in different ways. Each of the ways we might assign scores carries a different level of numerical detail.
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