With controversy about how the Church was to understand Jesus as the saviour ongoing, a Church council was called in 451 CE at Chalcedon. The council affirmed the Nicene Creed as true Church teaching, and formally rejected both Nestorianism and Eutychianism.
But in producing its own statement of faith, old theological divisions within the Church persisted. At the heart of the creed lay a commitment to proclaim that Jesus was both fully God and fully human, two natures (divine and human) in the one person. However, a difference in theological emphasis had come to exist in the two main teaching centres of the Church and many of the heresies that the creed sought to exclude were by theologians taking ideas in these schools of thought to their extremes. For example:
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