■ Crime and Deviance
There can be little doubt that most countries sentence too many people to prison. In 2016 there were more than 10.3 million people in prison across the planet. England and Wales have one of the highest rates of imprisonment in Western Europe. In December 1992, 40,600 people were in prisons in England and Wales. Yet by December 2011 this figure had more than doubled, to over 88,000 people. Prisoner populations in England and Wales remain at historically very high levels (Scott 2018).
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