Peru is on the western coast of South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean (Figure 1). Its neighbours include Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Bolivia and Brazil. The country has a varied terrain: the western coastal plains rise quickly into the rugged Andean mountains and then to the low-lying tropical rainforest in the east which forms part of the vast Amazon Basin.
The rainforest of Peru has an ecosystem rich in biodiversity but also in resources that can be exploited. It is under threat from a variety of human factors:
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