Refers to specifications for teaching from September 2015.
Joseph Conrad (born Józef Konrad Najecz Korzeniowski, in 1857) was a Pole, born in the Ukraine to a family of Polish minor nobility, at a time when Poland was brutally partitioned between Russia, Austria and Prussia. (He was thus technically a Russian citizen.) He was driven into exile because as the son of political prisoners he would have been subject to up to 20 years’ military service in the Russian army. The background to this was the heroism of his parents, who were the leaders of an insurrection against the Russians in 1863. They were punished by exile to Siberia, where they died. The orphaned Józef, aged 11, led the funeral procession for his father through the streets of Krakow, and in 1874 he left Poland to join the French, and subsequently the British, merchant marine service, before settling in England.
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