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Sad stories of kings

Defining tragedy in the Middle Ages and beyond

Jenni Nuttall explains what lies behind Chaucer’s definition of tragedy in the Monk’s Prologue and Tale, looking particularly at the role of Fortune

Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden — the temptation (right) and expulsion (left)

AQA (B): Paper 1 ‘Aspects of tragedy’: core set text

In the tale-telling competition on the pilgrimage to Canterbury in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Monk offers his fellow pilgrims some of the hundred tragedies he keeps in his cell, giving them a quick lesson on literary genre in the process. The Monk defines tragedy as a narrative which tells the story of a notable figure who fell from prosperity to misery and wretchedness. Tragedy is an exemplary genre. It offers examples that warn the reader to be careful of their own conduct by reminding them of famous downfalls. Tragedy’s message is that one should not believe that worldly prosperity — whether in the form of wealth or other good fortune — will last forever.

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Historicism and the value of context

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Fashion, fame and fiction

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