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new horizons: geographical ideas

Malthus and population

Why should we care about the writings of an obscure vicar over two centuries ago? What has he got to do with life in the twenty-first century? This new column discusses ‘big ideas’ from writers as diverse as Charles Darwin, Karl Marx and Alfred Wegener that changed the way we view the world today. Understanding them will help make you a better geographer, and will impress in a university interview.

The ‘big idea’ discussed in this issue comes from Thomas Malthus, a demographer whose writings still influence contemporary population policy and debate. Malthus’ argument links directly with the A-level/IB topics of population and food, and connects with development issues

Figure 1 Malthus’ theory

Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834) was born in Surrey and went to Cambridge University before being ordained into the Church of England. He later became a professor of history and political economy. His most famous work, An Essay on the Principle of Population, was published in 1798.

Malthus began his argument in this essay with two reasonable assumptions:

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Antarctic glaciers and climate change

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Why are deserts dry?

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