In 2004 Krahé and Möller found an association between using violent video games and aggression in a study involving German 13-yearolds (both girls and boys). For example, they found that the more often participants played violent games, the more the children found it acceptable to act aggressively. They also found that the more the children found physical aggression acceptable, the more they tended to attribute hostile intentions to a character in a hypothetical situation.
However, both use of violent games and aggression were measured at the same time. This provides only correlational data, which cannot tell us if the more frequent use of violent games is a cause of aggression. Möller and Krahé (2009) designed a second study to correct this limitation.
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